Photoacoustic Therapy for Precise Eradication of Glioblastoma with a Tumor Site Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Upregulating Nanoparticle

Glioblastoma is an extremely difficult clinical indication with very few therapeutic choices. In this study, a nanoparticle is constructed featuring high red absorbance and selective penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at the tumor site. This nanoparticle can provide timely activation of the adenosine receptor on the BBB to allow self‐passage and accumulation in the tumor. The nanoparticle converts pulsed laser energy into a shockwave via photoacoustic (PA) cavitation to achieve localized mechanical damage and thus yields a precision antitumor effect. In addition to its therapeutic function, the nanoparticle‐mediated PA process can also generate images that provide valuable information regarding tumor depth, size, and vascular morphology to inform treatment planning and monitoring. The results show that the nanoparticles can be efficiently delivered into the glioblastoma via intravenous infusion and this PA shockwave therapy can selectively destroy glioblastoma tumors with no observable side effects on normal tissue.     

流量替代渗透率评价破碎性储层工作流体伤害程度

若地层岩石整体强度偏低,在力学环境改变后岩石易破碎成不规则破裂体,则储存油气资源的此类破碎地层被称为破碎性储层。由于破碎性储层在纵向上存在着较强的非均质性,通过测试单个柱塞岩样在工作流体伤害前后的渗透率变化难以体现工作流体对储层的整体伤害程度。为此,利用达西定律先从理论上探讨用流量替代渗透率定量表征储层伤害程度的可行性,再开展单层开采、双层及三层并采的流量测试实验,评价工作流体对单层、多层储层的整体伤害程度,并将流量损害率与渗透率损害率进行对比以求证流量替代渗透率的可行性。研究结果表明:①单层开采时,流量损害率与渗透率损害率基本一致,渗透率损害率是流量损害率的一种特殊形式;②双层及三层并采时,单层各自稳定流量损害率与渗透率损害率接近,且流量损害率可以定量表征并采储层的整体伤害程度,而渗透率损害率则无法定量表证;③稳定流量损害率较累积流量损害率更接近渗透率损害率。结论认为,测定稳定流量可以替代测定渗透率评价工作流体对破碎性储层的伤害程度,从而为优选工程技术与评价工作流体的适应性提供了方法依据。     

高温深井通风降温技术的适用条件研究

随着矿山开采深度的不断增加，“三高一扰动”恶劣开采环境问题日益突出，给矿井通风降温工作带来极大困难。对于深井矿山，仅采用通风降温难以满足深部开采的需要，系统研究高温深井矿山通风降温技术的适用性问题，对矿山深部开采具有重要的理论意义和工程适用价值。首先从热力学角度，揭示风流在通风线路中的热交换规律；其次利用差分法原理计算深井筒风流温度，并依此推导出巷道和回采工作面风流温度变化趋势；然后结合采场安全生产允许温度进行反推，最终获取通风降温条件下的可采极限深度计算公式，并选取广西铜坑矿锌多金属矿体作为工程应用试验区进行论证分析。结果表明：基于风流的热交换模型可以推导出风流在井筒、巷道及工作面的温度计算公式，该公式与低温梯度、风流流经路径长度有关；假定工作面温度达到安全开采允许最高温度，可反推出该条件下矿山可采极限深度和巷道通风极限长度（仅采用通风降温措施时）；基于铜坑矿区锌多金属矿的实际条件，代入相关数据，验证计算所得极限开采深度符合实际，即所推导公式是可行的。     

Triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-Based Antioxidants: A New Perspective on Antioxidant Design

Mitochondrial oxidative damage and dysfunction contribute to a wide range of human diseases. Considering the limitation of conventional antioxidants and that mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce oxidative damage, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants which can selectively block mitochondrial oxidative damage and prevent various types of cell death have been widely developed. As a lipophilic cation, triphenylphosphonium (TPP) has been commonly used in designing mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Conjugated with the TPP moiety, antioxidants can achieve more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration depending on cell membrane potentials and mitochondrial membrane potentials. Herein we discuss the deficiencies of conventional antioxidants and the advantages of mitochondrial targeting, and review various types of TPP-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. These provide theoretical and background support for the design of new anti-oxidant.     

基于连续介质损伤力学的7075铝合金高温成形极限理论预测与数值仿真

开展7075铝合金高温单向拉伸试验和成形极限试验，获得了不同温度和应变率的应力-应变曲线和成形极限曲线。结果表明，在较高的温度和应变率时7075铝合金的强度减小、成形性提高。为描述7075铝合金高温损伤演化过程，提出一种改进的连续介质损伤模型，并建立了耦合损伤的多轴统一黏塑性本构模型。基于试验结果，运用NSGAII遗传算法标定了模型中的参数，标定后的本构模型可以很好地预测7075铝合金的高温热力行为和极限应变。通过有限元软件Abaqus的用户材料子程序VUMAT，该本构模型被编入到Abaqus软件中进行数值仿真计算。结果表明，仿真获得的成形极限曲线和应变场分布与试验和理论结果吻合度好，进一步证明了所建立的耦合损伤的多轴本构模型的正确性及其在高温成形极限有限元仿真中的适用性。     

半导体激光器辐照损伤效应实验研究进展

半导体激光器(LD)工作在空间辐射或核辐射环境中时,会受到辐照损伤的影响而导致器件性能退化。文章回顾了不同时期研制的LD(从早期的GaAs LD到量子阱LD和量子点LD)在辐照效应实验方面的研究进展,梳理了国际上开展不同辐射粒子或射线(质子、中子、电子、伽马射线)诱发LD辐射敏感参数退化的实验规律,分析总结了当前LD辐照效应实验方法研究中亟待解决的关键技术问题,为今后深入开展LD的辐照效应实验方法、退化规律、损伤机理及抗辐射加固技术研究提供理论指导和实验技术支持。     

水平井分段体积压裂复杂裂缝形成机制研究现状与发展趋势

水平井分段体积压裂是油气储层中复杂裂缝网络形成的重要技术之一，准确了解复杂裂缝网络形成机制、预测复杂裂缝网络形态对非常规油气资源高效开发具有重要意义，同时也是水力压裂设计优化的理论基础。围绕非常规储层复杂裂缝形成机制，国内外学者根据"应力阴影"效应对水力裂缝同步扩展、水力压裂顺序对多裂缝动态延伸影响、层理面对水力裂缝纵向扩展遮挡效应和天然裂缝与水力裂缝交互动态等方面，分别建立了相应的水力压裂模型，并从数值模拟角度对其进行了定性分析。通过总结国内外研究现状，并从模型建立假设条件、数值模拟模型思想和模型局限性3方面对现有模型进行了剖析，并对未来研究方向提出了建议，研究结果可对未来水力压裂复杂裂缝形成机制研究提供借鉴。     

Relationships between the accumulative damage and dielectric properties of woven BN-coated Hi-Nicalon™ SiC fibre-reinforced SiC matrix composites

The accumulative damage behaviour of BN-coated Hi-Nicalon™ SiC fibre-reinforced SiC matrix composite was examined under tensile cyclic loading at room and elevated temperatures. The accumulative damage occurring during the cyclic loading was quantitatively characterised using the damage parameter obtained by the hysteresis loop curves. The damage parameter increased with increasing applied stress beyond the matrix cracking stress, and it subsequently retained a nearly constant value until just before fracture. Moreover, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and loss tangent of the composite were measured before and after the fracture in the frequency range 1–1000 MHz. The dielectric properties had similar frequency dependency before and after the fracture. However, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and loss tangent were lower in the post-fractured specimens than in the pristine ones. The reduction of the dielectric properties was associated with the accumulative damage stored in the specimens. In addition, the relationships between the dielectric properties and the damage parameter were described in detail.     

Structural fatigue crack growth on a representative volume element under cyclic strain behavior

By introducing parameters λ and ω into the crack tip field, a unified cyclic stress and strain field was first formulated by using the Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field and the Rice-Kujawski-Ellyin (RKE) field under plane stress states in the present study. On the basis of the plastic strain energy and the linear damage accumulation, two fatigue crack growth models without any artificial parameters were then proposed from a representative volume element of cyclic strain behavior. The fatigue crack growth model included parameters λ and ω which showed the effect of two singularity fields. In addition, a simplified structural fatigue crack growth model was eventually established in terms of the fatigue life of each point on the crack front and the non-self-similar shape evolution law. Finally, the predictions of models are compared with the experimental data and the agreement is found to be fairly good.     

Damage mechanism at different transpassive potentials of solution-annealed 316 and 316l stainless steels

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), anodic polarization and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to investigate the damage mechanism in the transpassive potential region of AISI ...